Extending the M1 derivation of the activity coefficient to multicomponent mixtures  (uakron.edu, 14min) is straightforward but requires careful attention to the meaning of the subscripts and notation. It is a good warmup for derivations of more sophisticated activity models. This presentation begins with a brief review of the M1 model and its relation to the Gibbs excess function, then systematically explains the notation as it extends from the binary case to multiple components.

Comprehension Questions
1. Derive the activity coefficient for the multicomponent M2 model.
2. Derive the activity coefficient for the multicomponent Redlich-Kister model.

Rankine Example Using Steam.xls (uakron.edu, 15min) High pressure steam (254C,4.2MPa, Saturated vapor) is being considered for application in a Rankine cycle dropping the pressure to 0.1MPa; compute the Rankine efficiency. This demonstration applies the Steam.xls spreadsheet to get as many properties as possible.

Comprehension Questions:

1. Why does the proposed process turn out to be impractical?

2. What would you need to change in the process to make it work? Assume the high and low temperature limits are the same. Be quantitative.

3. What would be the thermal efficiency of your modified process?

Shortcut estimation of thermodynamic properties (sample calculation) can be very quick and sometimes reasonably accurate.(6min, uakron.edu) As a follow-up exercise, it is suggested to adapt the shortcut vapor pressure equation in combination with Eqn. 2.45 and the pathway of Fig. 2.6c to rapidly estimate stream properties. Briefly, all you need is an "IF" statement that checks whether the T is less than T^sat at the given P. If so, then H=H^ref+CpΔT+H_vap. If not, then H=H^ref+CpΔT. This can be a quick and convenient method to estimate stream attributes of a process flow diagram. One equation per cell and you're done. This sample calculation illustrates the process for the heat duty of a butane vaporizer and compares the PREOS to the methods of Chapter 2 (ie. Eq. 2.45 etc.)

Comprehension Questions: Suppose you want to tabulate the entropy (S) of your stream attributes by this approach.
1. How would you compute the S^ig(T,P)-S^ig(T^ref,P^ref) contribution?
2. How would you compute ΔS_vap?
3. Compute "S" for propane at 355K and 3MPa relative to the liquid at 230K and 0.1MPa by this approach.
4. Compute "H" for propane at 355K and 3MPa relative to the liquid at 230K and 0.1MPa by this approach.
5. Compute H and S for the same conditions/reference using the PREOS.
6. Explain the discrepancies between the two approaches. e.g. compare the H_vap values and the (H^V-H^ig) values, where H^V represents the enthalpy of the vapor phase, not the heat of vaporization (H_vap).

Helmholtz Example - Modified vdW EOS (uakron.edu, 13min) A sample derivation of the Helmholtz departure implicit in the Gibbs departure given Z = 1 + abρ/(1+bρ)^3 - (9.5aρ/RT)/(1+aρ/RT). Note that the limits of integration matter for this EOS. The audio is inferior for this live video, but it responds to typical questions and confusion from students in the audience. Some students might find it helpful to hear the kinds of questions that students ask. The responses slow the derivation down so that no steps are skipped and key steps are reiterated multiple times. Just turn the volume up!
Comprehension questions:
1. Which part of this EOS is non-zero at the zero density limit of integration?
2. Is there a sign error on one of the terms in this video? Check the derivation independently.
3. Derive the Helmholtz departure given Z = 1 + 4bρ/(1-bρ)2 - (9.5aρ/RT)/{1-a/bRT[1-4bρ+4(bρ)2]}.
4. Derive the Helmholtz departure given Z = 1 + 4bρ/(1-2bρ) - (9.5aρ/RT){1+4aρ/bRT[1-2(bρ)2]}/{1-a/bRT[1-4bρ+4(bρ)2]})/{1-a/bRT[1-4bρ+4(bρ)2]}